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- Diamonds,
Blood, and
Taxes: A
Revenue-Center
ed Framework
for Explaining
Political
Order: Journal of
Conflict
Resolution,
Vol. 49, No.
4. (1 August
2005), pp.
563-597.This
article
addresses an
important gap
in research on
the causes of
civil war: the
lack of a
theory that
explains why
lootable
resources like
alluvial
diamonds are
linked to
civil war in
some cases and
peace in
others. To
help fill this
gap, we
propose a
revenue-center
ed theoretical
framework that
shifts the
focus from
rebels to
rulers and
states,
situates
rulers in the
context of the
institutional
and economic
constraints on
their ability
to earn
revenue, and
combines this
focus on
revenue with a
focus on state
spending. In
countries rich
in lootable
resources, the
ability of
rulers to
achieve
political
order depends
on (1) the
availability
of nonlootable
resources; (2)
the mode of
extraction of
lootable
resources,
especially
whether they
are extracted
by hard-to-tax
artisans or,
alternatively,
by large,
taxable
industrial
firms; and (3)
patterns of
state
spending. This
framework
supplements
widely used
models of
civil war that
emphasize the
state's
capacity to
defeat an
insurgency yet
do not answer
the important
prior question
of why state
capacity
varies so
widely across
resource-rich
countries.
10.1177/002200
2705277796
Source: Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 49, No. 4. (1 August 2005), pp. 563-597. - Taxes,
Tradable
Rights and
Transaction
Costs: European
Journal of Law
and Economics,
Vol. 20, No.
2. (2005), pp.
199-223.
Source: European Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 20, No. 2. (2005), pp. 199-223. - Full Text: Taxing Bads by
Taxing Goods,
pp. 1-62.
Source: Taxing Bads by Taxing Goods, pp. 1-62. - Evidence of
the effect of
domicile on
corporate
average
effective tax
rates in the
European Union: Journal of
International
Accounting,
Auditing and
Taxation, Vol.
11, No. 2.
(2002), pp.
115-130.We
estimate
(worldwide)
corporate
average
effective tax
rates (ETRs)
from financial
statements for
companies
domiciled in
European Union
(EU) member
states during
7 years from
1990 to 1996.
Our objective
is to compare
the tax rate
effectively
experienced by
each company
with the
corporate
statutory tax
rate (STR) in
the EU country
in which each
company is
domiciled. The
difference
between the
corporate
statutory tax
rate and the
financial
statement-base
d corporate
average
effective tax
rate provides
information on
the magnitude
of tax
incentives
provided by
governments
within the EU.
These tax
incentives
come on top of
the directly
observable
differences in
statutory tax
rates between
EU member
states. We
find (1) that
the use of tax
incentives,
over and above
differences in
STRs, differs
substantially
between EU
member states
(corporate
domiciles) and
(2) that the
provision of
tax incentives
does not have
the effect of
equalizing
corporate ETRs
between EU
member states
(corporate
domiciles).
Source: Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Vol. 11, No. 2. (2002), pp. 115-130. - Taxes in a
simple wealth
distribution
model by
inelastically
scattering
particles: (28 Jul
2008)In this
work we use an
inelastic
scattering
process of
particles to
propose a
model able to
reproduce the
salient
features of
the wealth
distribution
in an economy
by including
taxes to each
trading
process and
redistributing
that collected
among the
population
according to a
given
criterion.
Additionally,
we show that
different
optimal levels
of taxes may
exist
depending on
the
redistribution
criterion.
Source: (28 Jul 2008)
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